The cerebellum contains the majority of neurons in the brain and has been implicated with many aspects of motor control. In birds this includes the control of flight. In this talk, by synthesizing behavioral, neurophysiological, neuroanatomical and paleontological data I will emphasize three points: (i) the expansion of the cerebellum in birds is associated with the evolution of powered flight; (ii) retinal-recipient nuclei that analyze optic flow are critical for controlling flight; and (iii) three different visuomotor areas of the cerebellum are involved in controlling different aspects of flight.